利用重复测线校正海空重力仪格值及试验验证   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄谟涛  刘敏  邓凯亮  欧阳永忠  陆秀平  翟国君  吴太旗  陈欣 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3160-3169

通过分析海空重力测量系统误差的形成机理，我们发现海空重力仪格值标定误差是引起系统性测量偏差的主要因素之一.本文简要介绍了重力仪格值的标定方法，分析论证了格值标定的精度要求，提出了利用东西正反向重复测线检测校正海空重力仪格值的计算模型和补偿方法，分析讨论了该方法的校正精度及其适用条件，利用航空重力实际观测网数据对该方法的合理性和有效性进行了数值验证，证明该方法对消除海空重力测量系统性偏差具有显著作用.  相似文献   

基于奇异谱分析的静态相对重力观测重力固体潮提取   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郭金运  高文宗  于红娟  刘新  孔巧丽  陈晓东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):3889-3902

针对相对重力测量数据中存在的重力固体潮信号，本文提出将奇异谱分析方法（Singular Spectrum Analysis，SSA）应用到相对重力测量数据处理中，在不需要测站坐标等先验信息的条件下从相对重力数据中提取重力固体潮，提供了一种获取重力固体潮的新思路.采用模拟的相对重力数据进行实验，利用SSA方法和小波变换方法分别从模拟信号中提取重力固体潮并进行结果对比，SSA获取的重力固体潮与理论值残差RMS为0.3 μGal，小波方法获取的残差RMS为1.6 μGal.利用CG-5相对重力仪实测数据进行实验，提出一种利用SSA外推时间序列来削弱边界效应的新思路，实验结果显示采用这种方法后重力固体潮值与理论值残差序列的RMS和STD均有所减小.通过实验发现削弱边界效应后SSA提取的重力固体潮与采用Tamura潮波表计算的重力固体潮理论值残差RMS值为2.2 μGal.利用SSA提取的零点漂移值与最小二乘拟合得到的结果基本一致，十天内的差值小于0.4 μGal/d.  相似文献   

卫星导航定位基准站备案管理系统设计与实现     

王孝青  武军郦  陈明 《地理信息世界》2018,(3):71-75

针对我国卫星导航定位基准站统一管理需求和信息共享交换不足的问题,利用信息化的手段构建了一套网络化的基准站建设备案管理系统。该系统以全国基准站摸排和核查结果信息为数据基础,利用集中在线式设计架构和数据库自动识别同步技术,提出了基于空间拓扑结构的基准站信息表单构建方法,实现了相关性信息唯一标识、动态关联以及基于主辅标识的基准站信息管理工作流。系统解决了数据库之间实时联动更新问题,实现了全国基准站的信息交互共享和统一规范管理,已成为全国基准站建设和应用高效管理的工具。  相似文献   

宽频带超导重力仪的研制进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘习凯  马东  陈亮  刘向东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):3037-3043

本文报道一种构建宽频带高分辨率超导重力仪（SG）的方法.与已商业化的GWR超导重力仪类似，新型超导重力仪同样使用磁悬浮超导检验质量来构建弹簧振子结构，不同的是弹簧振子的固有频率更高，可以有效覆盖地脉动频带.同时，利用基于超导量子干涉器件（SQUID）的位移传感技术，大幅提高了位移传感灵敏度，以保证仪器在测量带宽扩展之后仍具有与GWR仪器相当的测量分辨率，从而实现对时变重力信号与地球背景噪声信号的同时高分辨观测.宽频带超导重力仪核心部件垂向超导加速度计（VSA）的设计、组装和初步测试已经完成.结果表明，加速度计的噪声本底为8 μGal/Hz^1/2@0.1 Hz，实现了对地脉动信号的高分辨率测量.而为了将仪器噪声本底降低到GWR仪器水平，加速度计的固有频率需要进一步减小，该部分参数优化工作正在进行.本文将对垂向超导加速度计的工作原理、结构和测试结果进行详细介绍.  相似文献   

STUDY FOR ABNORMAL VARIATIONS OF UNDERGROUND FLUID IN LIJIANG AREA,YUNNAN PROVINCE BEFORE LUDIAN M_S6.5 EARTHQUAKE IN 2014     

YANG Zhu-zhuan  DENG Zhi-hui  YANG Yue-wen  DENG Sheng-chang  LI Qing 《地震地质》2018,40(2):480-498

The study is based on the underground fluid observation data in Lijiang area, northwest Yunnan Province. The data include the water level and temperature in Dangxiao well and Jinjia well, and the ion measurements in Ganze spring. Combining with the data of regional hydrogeology, rainfall, well structures, and the geothermal gradient, we analyzed the variations of each measurement item before the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake on August 3, 2014 and discussed the possible mechanism for the abnormal variations. The water levels of both Dangxiao well and Jinjia well are influenced by local rainfall, but the former shows hysteresis according to rainy seasons and is the long trend influence; while the latter shows synchronization between high water level and rainy season, indicating good connection between well water and shallow aquifer. The recharge water for Dangxiao well is in relatively low temperature, and the temperature sensor is located at the major connecting section between the well water and the aquifer; the water temperature variation is mainly affected by the discharge status and variation of water level. The Jinjia well is always in static level, and the temperature sensor is below the major connecting section between the well water and aquifer, so the water temperature is affected little by water level variations and in smooth fluctuation. The recharge source for Ganze spring can generally increase the contents of calcium and magnesium ions, so does the conductivity. The water level data of Dangxiao well since 2012 are decomposed with wavelet technique. The results, excluding such high-frequency components as the noise and the semidiurnal and daily wave components influenced by earth tide, are further processed with difference method in order to eliminate the trend effect. The results show that the relative change of water level is enhanced and in relatively rapid increase before the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake; the corresponding water temperature values are high. The tendency of water level in Jinjia well displays descending, while the corresponding water temperature shows ascending. The content of calcium ion, magnesium ion, bicarbonate ion, and conductivity of Ganze spring are descending, while the content of fluoride ion is ascending. The abnormal variations of underground fluid in Lijiang area appeared in turns and were accompanied with minor earthquakes before Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake, which indicates enhancing of regional stress and increasing of fluid activity.  相似文献   

DATABASE OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2015 GORKHA(NEPAL) M_W7.8 EARTHQUAKE     

XU Chong  TIAN Ying-ying  SHEN Ling-ling  MA Si-yuan  XU Xi-wei  ZHOU Ben-gang  HUANG Xue-qiang  MA Jun-xue  CHEN Xi 《地震地质》2018,40(5):1115-1128

In this study, a detailed database of landslides triggered by the 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal)M_W7.8 earthquake is constructed based on visual interpretation of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images and field reconnaissance. Results show the earthquake triggered at least 47 200 landslides, which have a NWW direction spatial distribution, similar with the location and strike of the seismogenic fault. The landslides are of a total area about 110km² and an oval distribution area about 35 700km². On the basis of a scale relationship between landslide area (A)and volume (V), V=1.314 7×A^{1.208 5}, the total volume of the coseismic landslides is estimated to be about 9.64×10⁸m³. In the oval landslide distribution area, the landslide number density, area density, and volume density were calculated and the results are 1.32km^-2, 0.31%, and 0.027m, respectively. This study provides a detailed and objective inventory of landslides triggered by the Gorkha earthquake, which provides very important and essential basic data for study of mechanics of coseismic landslides, spatial pattern, distribution law, and hazard assessment. In addition, the landslide database related to an individual earthquake also provides an important earthquake case in a subduction zone for studying landslides related to multiple earthquakes from a global perspective.  相似文献   

SIMULATION STUDY OF ROAD-CUT EFFECTS ON SLOPE STABILITY     

CHEN Xiao-li  WANG Ming-ming  ZHANG Ling 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1390-1401

Landslides and rock falls along the highway are common geological hazards in Southwest China. As an influencing factor on potential landslides behavior, roads or distance to roads have been successfully used in landslide susceptibility assessments in mountainous area. However, the relationship between the road-cut and the slope stability is not clear. Therefore, we performed two-dimensional slope stability calculation using the general limit equilibrium (GLE)method incorporated in the software SLOPE/W of GeoStudio for stability analysis of slopes. Our studies show that the man-made roads influence on the slope stability mainly exists in two ways:One is to create a new steep slope, which will result in rock falls and shallow landslides along the roads; the other is to influence the stability of the original slope, which will result in comparatively huge landslides. For the latter, our simulation study reveals that the road location, namely at which part of a natural slope to construct a road is important for the slope stability. For a natural slope with a potential slip surface, if a road is constructed at or near the slope toe where the potential slip surface surpasses, it will greatly degrade the slope's factor of safety (Fs) and make the slope unstable; however, if a rode-cut is near the top of the slope, it will increase the slope's Fs and make the slope more stable. The safety location is different for different slope angle, steeper slope needs a higher location for a safety road-cut in comparison with gentle slopes. Moreover, the slope stability decreases when loading a seismic force and it varies with the slope angle. Firstly, the Fs decreases when the slope angle increasing, and when the slope angle reaches 45°, the Fs then becomes greater with the slope angle increasing.  相似文献   

基于地学信息图谱的河道、海岸线演变对黄河三角洲景观格局影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李丹  王庆  徐洋  战超  刘现彬  王龙升  崔步礼  于祥  孙晓  王秋贤 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1220-1229

本文利用1988、1998、2009和2016年四期遥感影像,运用GIS技术,将地学信息图谱的图形思维与景观生态学的定量思维相结合,以距今不同时期的亚三角洲和滨海湿地为研究区,从景观结构和景观演替两个方面探究黄河三角洲河道、海岸线演变对景观格局的影响。结果表明:(1)距今不同时间的河道对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度不同,距今时间越长的亚三角洲研究区内耕地占总面积的比例越大且耕地是亚三角洲研究区中的第一优势景观类型。在1855—1889亚三角洲研究区内,除耕地和建筑用地外,其他各类景观占总面积的比例都较小且随时间变化不明显;在1929—1934亚三角洲研究区内,盐田、养殖池占总面积的比例从2009年到2016年增加了近40%,涨幅明显;在1964—1976亚三角洲研究区内,各类景观占总面积的比例趋于平均;在2017至今的亚三角洲研究区内,耕地和光滩占总面积的比例较高,达到24%左右。(2)距今不同时间的海岸线对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度也不同,在1855滨海湿地研究区内,耕地占总面积比例为60%左右,而海域占总面积比例接近于0,极差较大;在1934和1974滨海湿地研究区内,光滩、柽柳、碱蓬群落、芦苇、白茅群落占总面积比例随时间变化几乎呈逐渐下降趋势,而建筑用地和盐田、养殖池则呈逐渐上升趋势;2009滨海湿地研究区,河流、人工水域占总面积比例在2009年和2016年均达到32%以上。(3)根据景观类型重心变化特征,分析河道、海岸线演变对景观演替的影响程度,将不同时期亚三角洲和滨海湿地研究区景观演替分为如下几类:亚三角洲人类活动主导型、废弃河道主导型、行水河道主导型、滨海湿地人类活动主导型、废弃海岸主导型、新海岸主导型。  相似文献   

基于VSD模型的铁山港湾红树林生态系统脆弱性初步评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李小维  黄子眉  陈剑锋  王欣  韦江玲 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(2):47-54

基于脆弱性域图 (vulnerability scoping diagram, VSD)评价模型, 从暴露程度、敏感性、适应能力3个方面构建了红树林生态系统脆弱性评价指标体系。采用改进的综合指数法和模糊综合评价法, 重新定义脆弱性分级标准, 定量评价了铁山港湾红树林生态系统在1989年、2003年和2014年3个年份的脆弱性水平。结果显示, 铁山港湾红树林生态系统在3个年份的脆弱性水平值分别为0.145、0.255、0.334, 呈现增加趋势。首先, 铁山港湾红树林生态系统面临的暴露程度不断增大, 主要胁迫因子为滩涂围垦面积、废水排放量; 其次, 生态系统的敏感性增强, 主要敏感因子是海洋生物质量综合指数、底栖生物和潮间带生物多样性指数; 第三, 生态系统的适应能力略有增加, 总体上较弱。  相似文献   

我国北方农牧交错带西段退耕对土壤保持功能影响研究     

殷小菡  孙希华  徐新良  张雪艳  陈德超 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(12):1721-1732

退耕还林（草）等生态工程对区域用地结构及生态系统服务功能产生了重要影响。本研究基于RUSLE模型,并辅以遥感监测与GIS空间分析方法,对北方农牧交错带西段2000-2015年退耕状况及其引起的土壤保持功能变化分3个时段（2000-2005年、2005-2010年及2010-2015年）进行了探究。结果表明：北方农牧交错带西段地区2000-2015年耕地面积净减少1663.83 km²,以转为林地、草地、建设用地为主,其中耕地转林、草地净减少面积为1113.64 km²,草地和未利用地是新增耕地的主要来源;15年间土壤保持功能提升显著,退耕还林（草）工程的实施使土壤保持量增加了56.50×10⁴ t,2005-2010年由退耕所带来的土壤保持增加量在3段时期中最高;不同坡度等级的生态退耕引起的土壤保持增加量差别较大,总体随着坡度升高呈下降趋势,但在25°以上的陡坡耕地由退耕还林（草）带来的土壤保持效益又有所升高。研究对于评估北方农牧交错带西段地区实施退耕还林（草）等工程的生态效益具有重要意义,并能为区域生态保护与修复工程的建设规划提供科学依据。  相似文献